ContinentOne of the seven large landmasses on Earth — Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Oceania/Australia.CapitalThe city where a country's government is based. Some countries have multiple capitals, like South Africa.CurrencyThe system of money used in a country. India uses the Rupee, the USA uses the Dollar, and Europe uses the Euro.DemocracyA system of government where leaders are chosen by the people through voting. India is the world's largest democracy.MonarchyA form of government with a king or queen as head of state. The UK and Japan are constitutional monarchies.RepublicA country where the head of state is elected, not a king or queen. India and France are republics.PopulationThe total number of people living in a country or area. India and China each have over 1.4 billion people.GDPGross Domestic Product — the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a year. A measure of economic size.SovereigntyThe authority of a country to govern itself without outside interference.ColonialismWhen one country takes control of another, often exploiting its resources and people. Many countries gained independence in the 20th century. 